Abstract Eggs quickly lose their quality if they are not in adequate conditions during handling, and adequate control of the entire production chain is essential, considering that the introduction of contaminants can occur at any stage of production. The Self-Control Programs (PACs) aims to guarantee the hygienic-sanitary quality of products and the steps of the program include the description, implementation, monitoring, and verification, being considered fundamental in the quality management in companies that produce food of animal origin in Brazil. The checklist for maintenance of facilities and equipment proposed in this study was developed by a multidisciplinary team covering egg processing units with a production of up to 3,600 units/day. The design thinking methodology was used in this context to facilitate the search for better ideas through discussions that could develop creative thoughts in an empathic and user-centered way. The proposed list collaborated as a quality measurement instrument with simple language and applicable to the small producer. It reinforced the need to meet the prerequisites for the proper functioning of the PAC, serving as a stimulus for the search for knowledge of the quality culture, through the constant observation of the paradigm required by regulatory agencies.

The aim of this work was to develop a sensory method as the objective measure of quality of the fishes at all the key stages of fishery chain, from catch to consumer. The Quality Index Method (QIM) is based on a structured scaling for quality measurements and provides accurate and precise information concerning the freshness and a prediction of the remaining shelf-life for specie-specific fishes. The method is discussed and some future outlooks and need are pointed in order to stimulate the implementation of QIM in the relevant parts of the fishery chain giving unique information of the quality.

In the present study the effects on shelf life and sensory acceptance of gamma-irradiated refrigerated poultry breast fillets subjected to modified atmosphere packaging (80% CO2/20% N2 or vacuum) were investigated. After irradiation with 2 kGy, sensory acceptance tests and monitoring of bacterial growth were performed in order to determine the sanitary quality of the samples. It has been found that irradiation, used in combination with modified atmosphere packaging, can double the shelf life of refrigerated poultry breast fillets by reducing the populations of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, enterobacteria, coliforms, Listeria spp. and Aeromonas spp., without significantly modifying its color or its overall appearance, the lactic acid bacteria being the most resistant to exposure to radiation and carbon dioxide.

Estudaram-se os efeitos da recuperação da condição corporal (CC), da estimulação elétrica (EE), da maturação (M 7-14 dias) e da infusão de CaCl2 sobre as características da carne de ovelhas Santa Inês (cerca de 5 anos de idade), abatidas ao desmame ou após o período de recuperação pós-desmame. Avaliaram-se a temperatura e o pH de carcaça, e a força de cisalhamento (FC); a perda por cocção (PC); a cor (L*, a* e b*), e a maciez da carne. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (CC × EE × CaCl2 × M); para a análise dos dados sensoriais de maciez, utilizou-se a tabela de Número Mínimo de Respostas Corretas para o teste Duo-Trio. A recuperação da condição corporal diminui a força de cisalhamento (8%), aumentando a sua maciez. A estimulação elétrica diminuiu a força de cisalhamento (24%) e não alterou os demais parâmetros avaliados. A maturação (7 ou 14 dias) diminuiu a força de cisalhamento (18-26%), efeito acentuado pela estimulação elétrica, e escureceu a carne, diminuindo a luminosidade (L*) e acentuando b* (amarelo). O tratamento com infusão de CaCl2 foi mais efetivo no amaciamento da carne, reduzindo a força de cisalhamento (35%), aumentando a perda por cocção (4,5%) e os valores L* e b*, clareando a carne. A avaliação sensorial da maciez corroborou a avaliação instrumental referente ao efeito do CaCl2 na melhoria da qualidade da carne. Conclui-se que os tratamentos melhoram as características da carne, com melhores resultados quando aplicados conjuntamente.

The effects of body condition recovery (BC), carcass electrical stimulation (ES), aging time (AT 7 - 14 days), and calcium chloride injection on the meat characteristics of Santa Inês ewes (±5 years old) slaughtered immediately after weaning or after the body condition recovery period were studied. The carcass temperature, pH, shear force (SF), cooking loss (CL), meat color (L*, a*, b*), and meat tenderness were evaluated. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (BC × ES × CaCl2 × AT) factorial arrangement was used, and the sensory tenderness data were analyzed using the table of Minimum Number of Correct Answers for the Duo-Trio test. The body condition recovery reduces the shear force in 8%, increasing their tenderness. Electrical stimulation reduced the shear force (24%) and did not change the other parameters. The aging time (7 or 14 days) decreased the shear force (18-26%), effect that was enhanced by electrical stimulation, and it darkened the meat reducing lightness (L*) and increasing yellowness (b*). The treatment with CaCl2 was the most effective in tenderizing meat by reducing the shear force ( 35%); increasing the cooking loss (4.5%); and increasing L* and b* lightening the meat. The sensory evaluation of tenderness corroborates the findings of the experimental evaluation regarding the effect of the treatment with CaCl2 on the meat quality improvement. It was concluded that the treatments improve meat characteristics achieving better results when applied together.

This work investigated the effects of different packaging methods (air and vacuum) combined with irradiation (0.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kGy) on the preservation of chicken breast fillets stored at 1ºC for up to 18 days by sensorial test, determination of pH and bacterial growth. The findings indicated that the post-irradiation lag phase increased with the dose, leading to an extension in shelf-life. Vacuum-packed samples irradiated at 3.0 kGy exhibited the longest shelf life. Among the analyzed bacteria, coliforms and Listeria spp. were most sensitive to gamma radiation. All the fillets acquired more attractive coloration and better overall impression with irradiation. The combined use of vacuum packaging and irradiation (3.0 kGy) reduced the microbial populations without causing change in pH and yielded a significant shelf-life extension of refrigerated fillets, besides improving its appearance.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar rendimentos, composição centesimal e características bacteriológicas da polpa e do surimi de tilápia obtidos a partir da desossa mecânica de espinhaços residuais da filetagem de peixes de 400 a 650 gramas e oriundos de unidade de processamento oficial. As amostras foram divididas em quatro lotes, com intervalos de prazo de coleta de dois meses. As análises realizadas foram determinação do rendimento, composição centesimal (umidade, proteína, lipídios e cinzas) e análises bacteriológicas: contagem de Bactérias Heterotróficas Aeróbias Mesófilas (CBHAM) e Psicrotróficas (CBHAP); isolamento e identificação de Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Escherichia coli. Os rendimentos obtidos para a polpa e o surimi em relação aos espinhaços foram, respectivamente, de 17,96 e 13,61%, observando-se diferença significativa (P<0,05) entres as amostras. Os percentuais de umidade, proteína, lipídios e cinzas foram, respectivamente, de 80,69; 16,5; 3,14; e 0,50, para a polpa, e de 80,82; 14,6; 0,27; e 0,98, para o surimi, ocorrendo diferença significativa (P<0,05) somente entre os percentuais de lipídios e cinzas. As CBHAM e CBHAP variaram de 5,74 a 11,57 Log10 UFC g-1, e em um lote foi verificada a presença de E. Coli e em dois lotes a presença de Salmonella spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Após adequação dos Procedimentos Padrões de Higiene Operacional, foram obtidas amostras de polpa e surimi que atenderam a legislação vigente quanto aos padrões microbiológicos para surimi e similares. Foram encontrados, tanto para as amostras de polpa, quanto de surimi, percentuais satisfatórios de proteína e baixos percentuais de lipídios. Considerando-se as análises realizadas neste estudo, essas matérias-primas intermediárias apresentaram potencial para o desenvolvimento de produtos de valor agregado.

The aim of this study was to assess the yields, proximate composition and bacteriological characteristics of minced fish and surimi obtained from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from 400 to 650 grams, recovered from fillet frames, after mechanical deboning. The samples were divided in four lots, collected each two months. The percentage yields were determined and the chemical analysis carried out included moisture, protein, lipids and ashes. Bacteriological analysis considered Heterotrophic Aerobics Mesophilics and Psychrotrophics bacteria count, isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. The yields obtained from minced fish and surimi, in relation with fillet frames, were 17.96% and 13.61% with significant gaps (P<0.05) between samples. The moisture, proteins, lipids and ashes percentage rate were for the minced fish: 80.69, 16.5, 3.14 and 0.50 and for the surimi: 80.82, 14.6, 0.27, and 0.98, with significant gaps (P<0.05) for lipids and ashes. The counted Mesophilics and Psychrotrophics Bacteria in the samples of different lots of the minced fish and surimi varied from 5.74 to 11.57Log 10 CFU g-1. One sample was positive for E. Coli, and the presence of Salmonella spp and of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were detected in two samples. After introducing the Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs), the samples of minced fish and surimi were obtained and attended the current legislation for the microbiological patterns for surimi and similar products. It was found for the minced fish as well as for surimi samples satisfactory percentages of protein and low percentages of lipids. Considering the analysis performed in this study, these intermediate raw materials presented potential for development of value added products.

O objetivo, neste trabalho, foi avaliarem-se três formulações de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em conserva: em óleo comestível, em salmoura com cebola e em salmoura temperada. Após o abate, foram separados cortes (seis pares de membros, uma cauda, duas costelas e dois lombos) para a fabricação das conservas. Antes do processamento industrial, realizou-se a análise de ácidos graxos da carne in natura através de cromatografia gasosa. Após o processo de enlatamento, procedeu-se o teste de esterilidade comercial para alimentos de baixa acidez para as conservas elaboradas, para então avaliar a aceitação sensorial das três formulações, utilizando escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos. Foram avaliadas a aparência e a impressão global. Foram analisados também o teor de cloreto de sódio, o pH e a composição centesimal (umidade, resíduo mineral fixo, proteínas e lipídeos) das conservas. Os ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados corresponderam, respectivamente, a 28,5; 42,5 e 29,0% do total de ácidos graxos da carne in natura. As conservas, com ausência de vazamento ou estufamento no teste de esterilidade, foram liberadas para análise sensorial. Em relação à aparência, observou-se que as três amostras diferiram significativamente entre si, sendo a conserva em cebola a menos aceita, seguida da conserva temperada e em óleo, que foi a mais aceita. Em relação à impressão global, a conserva em óleo também foi a mais aceita. O teor de cloreto de sódio variou de 0,5 a 1,2%, sendo mais elevado nas conservas em salmoura. A carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo em conserva apresentou um pH médio de 5,0, umidade de 76,0%, resíduo mineral fixo de 1,3%, concentração de proteínas de 12,4% e teor de lipídeos totais de 5,5%. A conserva em óleo apresentou um teor de lipídeos mais elevado (12,8%). De acordo com os resultados, pode-se concluir que a comercialização de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo em conserva é viável, permitindo o melhor aproveitamento da carne após o abate, com aumento do seu valor agregado e uma boa aceitação sensorial do produto.

This research focused on the evaluation of three broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) canned meat formulas: one in edible oil, another in salt with onions, and the third one in seasoned salt. Some cuts (six pairs of members, one tail, two ribs and two loins) were separated after slaughter to produce the canned meat. Gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acids in the non-processed meat was conducted before industrial processing. After the canning process, a commercial sterility test for low acidity food was conducted for the canned meat samples. Subsequently, the three formulations were tested for sensory acceptance by a 9-point hedonic scale with respect to their appearance and global impression. The sodium chloride content, pH and percent composition (moisture, fixed mineral residue, proteins and lipids contents) of the canned meat samples were determined. The saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids values were, respectively, 28.5; 42.5 and 29.0% of the total fatty acids in the non-processed meat. The canned meat samples were released after verifying that there were no leaking or blown cans in the sterility test. The three samples were significantly different in respect to appearance. The results showed the following order, from the least to the most acceptable sample: salt with onions, seasoned salt and edible oil. As for the global impression, the formulation in edible oil was also the most acceptable. The sodium chloride content was in the range of 0.5 to 1.2%, where the highest value was found for the samples in salt. The canned meat samples had an average pH of 5.0, 76.0% moisture content and 1.3% of fixed mineral residue, a protein concentration of 12.4% and a total lipid content of 5.5%. The sample in edible oil showed a higher concentration of lipids (12.8%). One can conclude from these results that it is possible to commercialize canned broad-snouted caiman meat, which allows a better use of the meat after the slaughter. There were also an increase in the value added and a good sensory acceptance of the product.

As amostras de filé de peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) receberam doses de 3, 5, e 7kGy de radiação gama. A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbicas psicotróficas foi realizada em diferentes tempos de estocagem à temperatura de 0°C, juntamente com a amostra controle. Também foi analisado o perfil sensorial de sabor e aroma, além da avaliação da preferência quanto à cor. Dentre as amostras irradiadas, a que obteve melhor qualidade, quanto aos atributos e às amplitudes de sabor e aroma, foi a amostra irradiada a 5kGy. As amostras controle, 3, e 5kGy não diferiram significativamente entre si, sendo consideradas como as mais preferidas quanto à cor, sugerindo uma aparência de maior frescor, quando comparadas com a amostra 7kGy. Sugere-se a dosagem de radiação gama de 5kGy como a mais eficiente na manutenção da qualidade bacteriológica e sensorial em filé de peixe-sapo refrigerado.

The samples of the fillets of peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) received 3, 5 and 7kGy gamma irradiation. The count of psicotrophic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was accomplished in different times of store to the temperature of 0°C, together with the sample control the sensory profile of the was analyzed. Also flavor and aroma besides the evaluation of the preference with relationship to color. Among the irradiated samples the on that obtained better quality, as attributes and flavor widths and aroma, it was the sample radiated to the 5kGy. The samples control, 3, and 5kGy didn't differ significantly each other being considered as the most favorite with relationship to the color, suggesting an appearance of larger coolness when compared with 7kGy sample. Dosage of radiation is suggested it gamma of the most efficient 5kGy as in the maintenance of the bacteriological and sensory quality in fillet of cooled peixe-sapo.

O trabalho objetivou, a partir de análises físico-químicas e sensoriais, determinar a vida útil da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) eviscerada e estocada à temperatura de 0°C. No 14° dia de estocagem, o pH da musculatura atingiu o valor limite aceitável para o consumo, estipulado em 6,4. Os teores de Bases Voláteis Totais se mantiveram dentro dos valores estipulados em 30mgN 100g-1 como próprios para o consumo até o 21° dia de estocagem. A histamina não ultrapassou, nos 28 dias de estocagem a 0°C, o valor-limite aceitável de 10mg 100g-1 de carne. A análise descritiva quantitativa empregou nove atributos para a descrição sensorial das corvinas, sendo que o aroma e o sabor característicos de peixe marinho, o aroma e o sabor de maresia, o gosto amargo e a cor da carne foram os mais importantes na diferenciação das amostras com 0, 4, 7, 10 e 14 dias de estocagem à temperatura de 0°C. Segundo os resultados obtidos e com base nos padrões existentes na legislação nacional e internacional, verificou-se que o prazo comercial da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) eviscerada fixou-se no 14° dia de estocagem a 0°C.

This study was aimed at determining the shelf-life of gutted croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and stocked at 0°C using physical-chemical and sensory analyses. On the 14th day of storage, the pH of the muscle tissue reached the accepted limit for consumption (6.4). The levels of TVB were kept within the stipulated values for consumption (30mgN 100g-1) until the 21st day. In 28 days of storage at 0°C, the histamine level did not excess the acceptable level of 10mg 100g-1 of meat. The quantitative descriptive analysis method employed 9 attributes to describe the croaker. The study found that aroma and taste of sea fish, aroma and taste of marshy smell, bitterness, and the color of the meet were the most important aspects differentiating samples after 0, 4, 7, 10, 14 days of stocking at 0°C. According to the obtained results, and based on the standards of national and international legislation, it was confirmed that the commercial shelf-life of gutted croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) stored at 0°C is 14 days.

Esta pesquisa utilizou 12 eqüinos de diferentes idades, abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico (SIF 1803) em Araguari-MG, e estudou a temperatura, pH, comprimento de sarcômero em diferentes intervalos de tempo após abate (1h, 5h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 15h e 24h) e força de cisalhamento (maciez) dos músculos Longissimus dorsi e Semitendinosus, com intuito de caracterizar o desenvolvimento do processo de rigor mortis de eqüídeos durante o processamento industrial. A temperatura da câmara fria variou de 10,2°C a 4,0°C e a temperatura média inicial das carcaças foi de 35,32°C e a final de 4,15°C. O pH inicial médio do músculo Longissimus dorsi foi 6,49 e o final 5,63, e para o músculo Semitendinosus o pH inicial médio foi 6,44 e o final 5,70. A menor medida de sarcômero observada em ambos os músculos foi na 15ª hora após abate, ou seja, 1,44µm e 1,41µm, respectivamente. A carne dos eqüídeos adultos foi mais dura (p<0,05) do que a dos jovens, bem como do músculo Semitendinosus quando comparado com o Longissimus dorsi.

This work studied 12 horses at different ages butchered in a slaughterhouse in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (SIF 1803) and evaluated temperature, pH, sarcomere length in different periods after slaughter (1h, 5h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 15h, and 24 hours) as well as the shear force (meat tenderness) of the Longissimus dorsi and Semitendinosus muscles, aiming at characterizing the rigor mortis onset in the meat during industrial processing. The chilly room temperature varied from 10.2°C to 4.0°C, and the mean initial carcass temperature was 35.32°C and the final one was 4.15°C. The mean initial pH of Longissimus dorsi was 6.49 and the final one was 5.63; the mean initial pH of Semitendinosus was 6.44 and the final one was 5.70. The smallest sarcomere size obtained in both muscles occurred at 15 hours postmortem, and the sarcomere lengths were 1.44 µm and 1.41 µm, respectively. The meat from adult horses was tougher than that from young ones (p<0.05), and the Semitendinosus muscle was tougher than Longissimus dorsi muscle.